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APPLIED NUMERICAL ELECTROMAGNETIC ANALYSIS FOR PLANAR HIGH-FREQUENCY CIRCUITS 397
APPLIED NUMERICAL ELECTROMAGNETIC ANALYSIS FOR PLANAR HIGH-FREQUENCY CIRCUITS
JAMES C. RAUTIO
Sonnet Software, Inc. Phoenix, New York
1. INTRODUCTION Both commercial and military wireless applications push limits for size and performance. In the 1970s troops had to make educated guesses about the battleeld situation. Today, frontline troops can have a real-time display showing where every one is, even including the enemy. Cellphones of the 1980s were the size of a book. Today, they have greater coverage and are so small that they get lost in a pocket. Technology drives these advances. A critical part of this technology is electromagnetic (EM) analysis. Wireless technology achieves these dramat