Design Considerations for Dire...

Direct-Conversion Wireless Transceivers for Digital Communication(by Abidi)IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL 30, NO 12, DECEMBER 1995

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Direct-Conversion Radio Transceivers for Digital Communications
Asad A. Abidi, Senior Member, IEEE

Abstract-Direct-conversion is an alternative wireless receiver architecture to the well-established superheterodyne, particularly for highly integrated, low-power terminals. Its fundamental advantage is that the received signal is amplified and filtered at baseband rather than at some high intermediate frequency. This means lower current drain in the amplifiers and active filters and a simpler task of image-rejection. There is considerable interest to use it in digital cellular telephones and miniature radio messaging systems. This paper briefly covers case studies in the use of direct-conversion receivers and transmit