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radiating and balanced mode analysis of pifa antenaIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 54, NO. 1, JANUARY 2006

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Radiating and Balanced Mode Analysis of PIFA Antennas
Kevin R. Boyle and Leo P. Ligthart, Fellow, IEEE
Abstract―This paper presents a radiating and balanced mode analysis of planar inverted F antennas (PIFAs) mounted on wavelength-scale printed circuit boards (PCBs). The radiating mode shows, in a direct way, the extent to which the PCB inuences both radiation and bandwidth. The balanced mode shows that the shorting pin acts as an impedance transformer in combination with a parallel reactance. Importantly, it can also be used to show that slots in the PIFA top plate nominally provide series reactance when the slot opening is close to the feed. Understanding of this behavior allows bandwidth improvements to be
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